Geography

A 2022 volcanic eruption sent a shockwave around the entire planet four times

When Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai erupted in January 2022, it produced an atmospheric pressure wave that barometers detected circling the Earth at least four times over six days — a scale unmatched in the modern instrumental record. Its plume punched roughly 57 km up into the mesosphere, the tallest ever measured, and the blast rivalled Krakatoa's 1883 eruption in size.

Robin S. Matoza et al., Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga — Science, vol. 377, 2022

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