Howard Gardner argued IQ tests only measure two kinds of smart out of several

In 1983, Gardner proposed that intelligence isn't one general ability but several relatively independent ones, including musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and interpersonal intelligence, not just the logical and linguistic skills IQ tests reward. The theory reshaped how schools talk about ability, even though psychometricians still dispute whether these 'intelligences' are truly separate.

— Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences — Basic Books, 1983
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