Robert Sternberg split intelligence into three kinds; IQ tests only measure one

Sternberg's 1985 triarchic theory argues real-world intelligence is analytical, creative, and practical, and that the three don't rise and fall together. Someone can ace a logic test and still make terrible real-world decisions, because practical intelligence is a separate skill entirely.

— Robert J. Sternberg, Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence — Cambridge University Press, 1985
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