Geography
The last woolly mammoths on Earth died out on one Arctic island
Most woolly mammoths vanished around 10,000 years ago as the Ice Age ended, but rising seas cut off a small population on Siberia's Wrangel Island. Descended from as few as eight founders, that population stayed stable for over 200 generations before disappearing abruptly about 4,000 years ago — meaning mammoths were still alive after the Great Pyramid was built. A 2024 genome study found no sign of the genetic decline scientists expected before an extinction.