On a planet where 'water' is a different chemical, does the word still mean the same?
Hilary Putnam imagined a Twin Earth where a substance called 'water' looks, tastes and behaves exactly like ours but has a different chemical formula. He argued a word's meaning isn't just what's in your head — it depends on the actual stuff in the world the word latches onto, even if you can't tell the difference yourself.
— Hilary Putnam, The Meaning of 'Meaning' — Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 1975