Spinoza said God isn't a being who created nature — God simply is nature

Baruch Spinoza rejected the idea of a personal God directing the universe from outside it. In his 'Deus sive Natura' — 'God, or Nature' — he argued God and the natural universe are one and the same substance, governed by its own necessary laws. The claim got him excommunicated from his synagogue and his book banned after his death.

— Baruch Spinoza, Ethics — 1677, published posthumously
Go deeper: get the book →

One credited idea per card. No filler. Swipe the rest in Savvy.

Keep swiping — it's free Works right in your browser. No app store needed.

More Philosophy

All Philosophy cards →

Five ideas worth knowing, every week

The week's best cards and a puzzle, credited as always. Free, unsubscribe any time.