Lise Meitner explained nuclear fission - only Hahn got the Nobel

In December 1938, chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann found that bombarding uranium with neutrons produced barium, a far lighter element. Physicist Lise Meitner, then a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany, worked out with her nephew Otto Frisch that the uranium nucleus had split in two. Hahn alone won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for it; Meitner, nominated dozens of times, never did.

— Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann, Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch, Discovery of nuclear fission — Naturwissenschaften and Nature, 1939