Expecting someone to fail can quietly help make it happen

The mirror image of the Pygmalion effect: when a teacher or manager privately expects someone to perform poorly, subtle changes in attention, feedback and warmth can drag that person's actual performance down to match the low expectation. Unlike its famous cousin, the Golem effect got far less attention — perhaps because nobody wants to study the ways they make people worse.

— Elisha Y. Babad, Jacinto Inbar & Robert Rosenthal, Pygmalion, Galatea, and the Golem: Investigations of Biased and Unbiased Teachers — Journal of Educational Psychology, 1982

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