Philosophy
Charvaka: ancient India's school that said there's no soul, only this life
Charvaka, also called Lokayata, was an ancient Indian school that rejected the Vedas, karma, and rebirth outright, holding that only what the senses can perceive is real. Consciousness, it argued, is just what matter does when arranged the right way, and dies completely with the body. Its blunt conclusion: since there's no afterlife to prepare for, pursue pleasure and avoid pain now.