A 1953 formula tells you exactly how much credit each teammate deserves
Lloyd Shapley worked out a mathematically unique way to split a group's total payoff fairly among contributors, based on the average difference each person makes across every possible order they could join the group. It rewards people in proportion to what they actually add, not just their title or how loud they are, and it's now used to split everything from joint-venture profits to the cost of shared airport runways.