One scientist won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, 22 years apart

Frederick Sanger won his first Chemistry Nobel in 1958 for working out the exact structure of insulin — the first protein ever fully sequenced. In 1980 he won a second, for inventing a method to read the sequence of DNA itself, a technique that underpinned the Human Genome Project decades later. He remains the only person to win the Chemistry prize twice.

— Frederick Sanger, Frederick Sanger — Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, 1958 and 1980