A Spanish town has sat completely surrounded by France for over 350 years

Under the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees, Spain ceded 33 named villages to France, but Llivia was technically a town rather than a village, so it stayed Spanish even as the surrounding countryside became French. The result is a roughly 13-square-kilometre Spanish enclave fully enclosed by French territory, connected to the rest of Spain only by a short neutral corridor road that French law treats as extraterritorial.

— Treaty of the Pyrenees, 1659, Llívia — Treaty of the Pyrenees, Article 33 (1659)