Kohlberg found kids don't reason about right and wrong the way adults do

Lawrence Kohlberg asked children whether a man should steal an overpriced drug to save his dying wife, then studied not their answer but their reasoning. He found moral reasoning unfolds in a fixed sequence of stages, from fear of punishment to abstract principles of justice. The 'Heinz dilemma' became a staple of moral psychology.

— Lawrence Kohlberg, The Development of Modes of Moral Thinking and Choice in the Years 10 to 16 — PhD dissertation, University of Chicago, 1958