Darwin predicted a moth with a foot-long tongue decades before anyone found one

In 1862, Darwin examined a Madagascar orchid with a nectar spur nearly 30 centimeters deep and predicted a moth must exist with a proboscis long enough to reach it, though no such moth had ever been observed. Naturalists mocked the idea, but a matching hawk moth was finally documented feeding on the orchid decades later, and was formally named Xanthopan praedicta in his honor.

— Charles Darwin, On the various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects — 1862