Two scientists shared a Nobel Prize for theories that flatly contradicted each other

Camillo Golgi invented a silver-staining technique that revealed individual nerve cells for the first time, but he believed the nervous system was one continuous, fused web. Santiago Ramón y Cajal used Golgi's own stain to argue the opposite: that neurons are distinct, separate cells that merely touch. Cajal's 'neuron doctrine' turned out to be correct, yet the two men shared the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — and reportedly never reconciled.

— Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Recollections of My Life — Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1906