A toll road and a backyard fence solve the same economic problem in opposite ways

Economists classify goods by two features: whether using one unit leaves less for others, and whether people can be excluded from using it. James Buchanan noted in 1965 that a category sits between purely private and purely public goods: 'club goods' like a cinema seat or golf course, easy to exclude people from but not used up as more members join, up to some capacity. Club goods explain why membership and toll pricing can provide things a pure market or pure government handles badly alone.

— James M. Buchanan, An Economic Theory of Clubs — Economica, 1965